Hanko (判子)

▣ What is a hanko?

A hanko is a personal stamp used in Japan to sign official documents, contracts, receipts, and even daily communications. Every individual or company owns one, engraved with their name in kanji or katakana.

▣ What is the difference between hanko and inkan?

“Inkan” is the technical term for the seal itself, while “hanko” is the more commonly used name. The two terms are often interchangeable, but “inkan” is preferred in official contexts for administrative registration.

▣ In what situations is the hanko still required today?

Despite digitalization, the hanko is still used for banking procedures, notary signatures, marriages, real estate purchases, and employment contracts. However, some Japanese companies are adopting digital alternatives.

▣ How is a personalized hanko made?

It can be hand-carved by specialized artisans or mass-produced. Materials range from plastic to wood to synthetic ivory. The choice of font, material, and case is part of the owner’s identity.

▣ Fun Facts

• There is an official hanko registry called inkan tōroku: only registered stamps are valid for official acts.

• There are also decorative hanko for private or artistic use, such as those used to sign calligraphy works, letters, or cards.